Table of Commonly Used IV Solutions

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If possible do not LR or D5LR type of dextrose.
Read these to know more about the side effects of D5LR
D5LR (Lactated Ringer's Solution)
What are Lactated Ringers (Risks and Contraindications)
DLR or D5LR increases death in cardiac arrest cases
DLR and D5LR exacerabates renal problems



Please scroll down for the complete table





Please scroll down for the complete table

Table of Commonly Used IV Solutions

Name of Solution	Type of Solution	Ingredients in 1-Liter	Uses	Complications
0.45% Sodium Chloride Shorthand Notation: ½NS	Hypotonic pH 5.6	77 mEq Sodium 77 mEq Chloride	hypotonic hydration; replace sodium and chloride; hyperosmolar diabetes	if too much is mixed with blood cells during transfusions, the cells will pull water into them and rupture
0.9% Sodium Chloride Shorthand Notation: NS	Isotonic pH 5.7	154 mEq Sodium 154 mEq Chloride	isotonic hydration; replace sodium and chloride; alkalosis; blood transfusions (will not hemolyze blood cells)	None known
3% Sodium Chloride	Hypertonic pH 5.0	513 mEq Sodium 513 mEq Chloride	symptomatic hyponatremia due to excessive sweating, vomiting, renal impairment, and excessive water intake	rapid or continuous infusion can result in hypernatremia or hyperchloremia
5% Sodium Chloride	Hypertonic pH 5.8	855 mEq Sodium 855 mEq Chloride
5% Dextrose in Water Shorthand Notation: D5W	Isotonic pH 5.0	5 grams dextrose (170 calories/liter)	isotonic hydration; provides some calories	water intoxication and dilution of body's electrolytes with long, continuous infusions
10% Dextrose in Water Shorthand Notation: D10W	Hypertonic pH 4.3	10 grams dextrose (340 calories/liter)	may be infused peripherally; hypertonic hydration; provides some calories
5% Dextrose in 1/4 Strength (or 0.25%) Saline Shorthand Notation: D5¼NS	Hypertonic pH 4.4	5 grams Dextrose 34 mEq Sodium 34 mEq Chloride	fluid replacement; replacement of sodium, chloride and some calories	vein irritation because of acidic pH, causes agglomeration (clustering) if used with blood transfusions; hyperglycemia with rapid infusion leading to osmotic

5% Dextrose in 0.45 Sodium Chloride Shorthand Notation: D5½NS	Hypertonic pH 4.4	5 grams Dextrose 77 mEq Sodium 77 mEq Chloride	hypertonic fluid replacement; replace sodium, chloride, and some calories	diuresis
5% Dextrose in Normal Saline Shorthand Notation: D5NS	Hypertonic pH 4.4	5 grams Dextrose 154 mEq Sodium 154 mEq Chloride	hypertonic fluid replacement; replace sodium, chloride and some calories
Ringer’s Injection, U.S.P.	Isotonic pH 5.8	147 mEq Sodium 4 mEq Potassium 4 mEq Calcium 155 mEq Chloride	electrolyte replacement; hydration; often used to replace extracellular fluid losses	rapid administration leads to excessive introduction of electrolytes and leads to fluid overload and congestive conditions; provides no calories and is not an adequate maintenance solution if abnormal fluid losses are present
Lactated Ringer’s Shorthand Notation: LR	Isotonic pH 6.6	130 mEq Sodium 4 mEq Potassium 3 mEq Calcium 109 mEq Chloride 28 mEq Sodium Lactate (provides 9 calories/liter)	isotonic hydration; replace electrolytes and extra- cellular fluid losses; mild to moderate acidosis (the lactate is metabolized into bicarbonate which counteracts the acidosis)	not enough electrolytes for maintenance; patients with hepatic disease have trouble metabolizing the lactate; do not use if lactic acidosis is present
5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection Shorthand Notation: D5LR	Hypertonic pH 4.9	5 grams Dextrose (170 calories/liter) 130 mEq Sodium 4 mEq Potassium 3 mEq Calcium 109 mEq Chloride 28 mEq Sodium Lactate (provides 9 calories/liter)	hypertonic hydration; provides some calories; replace electrolytes and extra- cellular fluid losses; mild to moderate acidosis (the lactate is metabolized into bicarbonate which counteracts the acidosis), the dextrose minimizes glycogen depletion

Surgery. 1986 Sep;100(3):505-11.

Dextrose containing intravenous fluid impairs outcome and increases death after eight minutes of cardiac arrest and resuscitation in dogs.

D'Alecy LG, Lundy EF, Barton KJ, Zelenock GB.

Abstract

Use of dextrose in intravenous resuscitation fluids is common practice; however, this study indicates that 5% dextrose solutions, even if administered in physiologic quantities, greatly worsens the outcome of survivable cardiac arrest. Twelve adult male mongrel dogs were premedicated with morphine, anesthetized with halothane, instrumented, intubated, and ventilated. Each dog was first given 500 ml of either lactated Ringer's (LR) (n = 6) or 5% dextrose in LR (D5LR) (n = 6). Halothane was stopped and fibrillation was induced (60 Hz). Blood glucose just before cardiac arrest was 129 mg/dl in the LR dogs and was increased to 335 mg/dl in the D5LR dogs. After eight minutes of arrest, resuscitation, including internal cardiac massage and standard advanced cardiac life support drug protocols (modified for dogs), was begun. When stable cardiac rhythm was obtained, the chest was closed, and LR or D5LR continued until a total of 1L was given. A neurologic score (0 = normal to 100 = dead) was assigned at 1, 2, 6, and 24 hours. The LR group did not differ statistically from the D5LR group in operative time, number of defibrillatory shocks, time to spontaneous ventilation, time to extubation, or drugs required. Resuscitation was successful in all six LR and five of six D5LR group; however, by 2 hours after resuscitation and thereafter, D5LR group had a significantly greater neurologic deficit (p less than 0.05) than did the LR group. By 9 hours, four of six D5LR dogs displayed convulsive activity and died. At 24 hours the D5LR group had a greater (p less than 0.008) neurologic deficit (82 +/- 11) than did the LR group (21 +/- 7), which walked and ate. We conclude that the addition of 5% dextrose to standard intravenous fluids greatly increases the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiac resuscitation.

PMID:

3738770

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]